A shady figure presents you with a game. They have a deck of cards numbered 1, 2, 3, or 4, the exact distribution of which you do not know. They randomly shuffle and separate the deck into two equally sized piles, facedown, and after checking the piles for themselves, reveal some cards from each. From the first set: 4, …

An annoyance (for me) is when I want to compare different groups portrayed in a nice plot that is kind enough to provide error bars. Consider a hypothetical data collection effort where we have 5 groups and are looking at the mean outcome of these 5 groups. Our estimated means and standard deviations are as follows: …

Once an analysis is in, we need to think carefully about how to talk about our results. Statistics is about inference, about capturing the uncertainty in our findings given limitations of our data and estimation error. We want the reader to quickly assess how seriously to take an estimated difference, and we want to …